Epilepsy in dogs

The condition known as epilepsy does indeed occur in dogs. In fact, the problem is broken down into two different types of Epilepsy.

1. Idiopathic Epilepsy- Idiopathic epilepsy is when there is no known cause for the condition and it is assumed it may be an inherited condition.

2. Secondary Epilepsy – This diagnosis is used when a specific cause for the seizures can be found. A veterinarian will normally run a variety of tests to rule out possible physiological or toxic causes before diagnosing the dog as having the idiopathic version.

There are several types of seizures that are seen in dogs and there are many times an owner isn’t even aware of the problem. An epileptic seizure
is the clinical manifestation of abnormal brain activity in the cerebral cortex.

These abnormalities can create seizures that vary from the mild “petit mal” to the generalized, full body “grand mal.”

Some of the physiological reasons a dog may have secondary epilepsy are:

1. Hypoglycemia or “low blood sugar.”

2. Hypothyroidism – A condition in which the thyroid functions inadequately.

3. Disease – Seizures are a common symptom of diseases such as encephalitis and distemper

4. Lead poisoning – This can be seen in dogs that like to chew on items such as painted wood.

5. Brain Tumors – This is the most common cause of seizures that begin after the age of 5.

6. Hydrocephalus – The accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.

7. Eclampsia – This occurs when a lactating female’s calcium levels drop to dangerous levels.

8. Toxins – Pesticides, fertilizers, poisonous plants, arsenic, strychnine and chocolate.

9. Trauma – Trauma can occur from some type of severe blow to the head such being hit by a car, bat, kicked or fall.

10. Organ failure – End stage liver or renal failure can often cause

11. Parasitic – Severe cases of intestinal worms, end stage heartworms or even anemia from fleas and ticks can cause seizures.

Idiopathic Epilepsy is also called primary or hereditary epilepsy.

As with any disease or condition, your personal veterinarian is the best source for making a diagnosis, education and offering treatment options. If you suspect your dog may have either type of epilepsy and you see seizure like activity, take note of the time, date, length and type of seizure as well as the way the dog acts after the seizure has ended. Keep a record of these things for each episode and discuss the problem as soon as possible with the veterinarian. Remember to follow up the conference with information as to any further episodes so he or she will be able to lay out a plan of action for both you and your dog for the best possible results.